PDPET (DElEd Bridge Course),
NIOS,
~ Vijay Singh Rajput
Course
523 Assignment I
1. Describe different steps of
curriculum development process in brief.
To develop a thoughtful and
planned curriculum we should follow the following steps:
Assessment
of Educational Needs:
The curriculum maker must
understand the need of learner. Every learner is different from another; it is
very much required that curriculum framer must diagnose the various needs of
the different learner. This is done by knowing the Felt needs and Observed
needs.
Formulating
Educational Objectives:
After focusing on real needs, we
can draw the objectives from the real needs to develop the curriculum. A
meaningful objective is one that communicates effectively to the reader the
instructional intent or behaviour as well as specific learning outcomes of educational
transactions. The guidelines for formulating educational objectives are
Matching, Worth, Clarity, Appropriateness, Logical grouping and Revision.
Selection
of Content:
Curriculum content is a body of
facts, ideas, concepts and skills that are presented, discussed and involved in
the course. It reflects the pre-determined curriculum objectives and
experiences needed by the learner. It has some criteria like: Self- sufficiency, Significance, Validity, Interest,
Utility, Learnability and Feasibility. Guidelines for selection include Priorities, Balance, Completeness, Sequence
and Integration. It has philosophical, Psychological and Socio-cultural bases.
Selection
and Organisation of Learning Experiences:
The next step is to select learning
experiences that are likely to attain the objectives. Various teaching methods
are used by teachers such as, lecture, discussion, project, conducting
experiments etc. These activities generate learning experiences. Success of
transaction of curriculum is very much dependent of selection of learning
experiences.
Evaluation:
Curriculum evaluation refers to
the formal determination of the quality, effectiveness or value of the program,
process, and product of the curriculum. Curriculum evaluation establishes specific
strengths and weaknesses of a curriculum and its implementation; critical
information for strategic changes and policy decisions; inputs needed for
improved learning and teaching and indicators for monitoring.
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2. Select any topic from any
subject from class III-V and design the learning activities on the
basis of 5E model of learning.
Class:
4
Subject:
Environmental Studies
TOPIC: Waterborne Diseases
Engage: Students make a list of diseases or symptoms that a person may likely
to suffer if they drink dirty water. Students already have some prior knowledge
about cleanliness and that diseases spread through dirt.
The
teacher asks them questions:
1. What is the difference between the river water and the water
accumulated in a pit?
2. Why is there a foul smell from the water accumulated in a pit?
Explore: In this phase
students are given time. Students will
be given time to think, plan, investigations and organize information
collected. With the help of teacher, students carefully collect water in a
glass from any pit having stagnant water in a nearby area and observe it.
The teacher asks them questions:
1.
What
do you see in the glass filled with water collected from the pit?
2.
Can
you see small organisms or insects in it?
Explain: Teacher and students discuss their ideas and explanations of why water
in the pit becomes dirty. How the organisms or insects grow in the stagnant
water. How this stagnant water is harmful for the body if drank. Teacher names
some waterborne disease and their symptoms.
Elaborate: In this phase
the students will get opportunity to expand and develop their understanding of
the concept and/or apply it to a real world situation.
Evaluate: Teacher and
students both together can assess using few questions including self reflective
questions if students are able to understand the waterborne diseases, their
causes and symptoms.
3. What is mobile-learning? How
can you use mobile in creating and sharing of knowledge for your students?
Explain with examples.
According to Keegan, mobile
learning is defines as the provision of education and training on mobile
devices: Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), Smart-phones and Mobile phones.”
Geddes defines it as the
acquisition of any knowledge and skill through the use of mobile technology,
anywhere, anytime, which results in an alteration in behaviour.
Thus, mobile learning includes
access to electronic material and resources mediated by mobile devices for the
exclusive purpose of teaching and learning support. Taken this view, m-learning
is a sub-set of a e-learning available through mobile technology to facilitate
learning on the go.
Mobile
for Creating Learning
·
We
can use digital camera and create a digital story in Microsoft Movie Maker® or
Microsoft PhotoStory®.
·
We
can use scanners to create interesting textures for use in visual art projects.
·
We
can create digital book trailers using Microsoft PowerPoint®, export as a video
with narration.
·
A
high-quality digital voice recorder can be used to capture a series of podcasts.
Mobile for
Sharing Learning
·
We
can share our work on mobiles with peers and students.
·
Camera
phones can be used to take images of notes, sign boards and written texts.
·
Exchanging
messages on homework and assignments can be made smooth using mobile phones.
·
Notes,
diagrams, short videos can be shared using Email, Facebook, Whats App, Xender
etc.
·
Short
Message Service (SMS) can be used for delivering and sharing learning material
through mobile phones such as, hints, tips, outlines, lists, summaries and
revision.
Course
523 Assignment II
What is yoga? Why it is important
in schools? What are the benefits of utilizing yoga techniques in a classroom?
Explain with suitable examples.
Yoga is usually defined as union i.e.
union between the limited self (jiva) and cosmic self (atman).
From the classical text Bhagavad
Gita-
Yoga is skill and efficiency in
action. (ch 2: 50)
Yoga is equanimity in success and
failure. (2: 48)
From the classical yogic text of
Patanjali Yog sutra –
According to Patanjali “Ashtanga
yoga” is the path of internal purification for revealing the universal. “Ashtanga
yoga” literally means 8 limbed yoga.
Importance
of Yoga in Schools:
Yoga in education enhances the
efficiency and expression of the qualities of the heart and connects you with
the other people. It helps ones to recognize the needs and the condition that
other people are in. The purpose of life is fulfilled when you are able to help
another person evolve and become happy, and not when you are seeking self
satisfaction and fulfilment.
Inner Awareness
Inner awareness (aantrik sajagta) is the most important
and subtle effects of regular yoga practice, Very few people are aware about
it. In this modern age we are in a flow of external influences and we have no
any connection with inner self. That is atman which is pure and positive. So if
children will be aware about inner self and remain connected to it than will be
guided in positive direction throughout the life.
Discipline
According to yoga sutra yoga is
also define as discipline, here discipline has very vast meaning as well as
subtle meaning also. In school discipline is very important component. This
quality is outcome of the regular yoga practice. First of all it reflects as a
self discipline than it is for school family society nation so on. This
discipline comes through the practice of certain yogasanas and pranayama.
To Develop Human
Qualities
The practice of yoga will lead
you to the attainment of appropriate samnskara
when yoga becomes a culture in your life. Assistance can be given to children
to become better human beings by teaching them yoga after the age of eight,
either at home or at school.
Management of
Sedentary Lifestyle
These days in modern society we
are leading a very poor life style, a sedentary life style. This is going to
spoil life of our children. They have to be active, health awareness and sense
of fitness has to be developed. So to adopt yoga as a activity in school
curriculum is very important to develop a habit of healthy lifestyle.
Benefits
of Utilizing Yoga Techniques in a Classroom:
By application of classroom yoga
we can remove psychological blocks, which can make the students aware of
psychological changes that happen in their body and brain, that can give them
ability to focus on the theme of the subject they are studying.
Some of the yogic practices to
keep spine straight and postural muscles relaxed are Breath awareness, Wrist rotation; Elbow bending, Shoulder socket
rotation, Gomukhasana (Hand pose).
Some
yogic ways to start and finish the class for better concentration and learning
are Eye Practices, Palm Rubbing,
Blinking, Sideways viewing, Nadi Shodhan
& Bhramri, TRATAK (Concentrated gazing) and Breath awareness.
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